Finite element simulation of windshield for tram-pedestrian collision

초록

Tram-pedestrian collisions accidents, in which pedestrians are at risk, can be numerically simulated to understand and enhance safety. However, such simulations involve the accurate simulation of the collision behaviour between the head of the pedestrian and the windshield. This study proposes a reliable collision analysis technique for a four-layer windshield that is widely used in trams. To verify the proposed technique, a headform impact test was performed while changing the impact position and velocity; an acceleration curve was obtained and the fracture patterns were observed. A finite-element model of the windshield was constructed and simulated using LS-DYNA. From a parametric study of the model parameters, optimal material properties were obtained through the correlation between the test and simulation results. The developed collision analysis technique was verified for alignment with the experimental data across different impact positions and velocities, considering aspects such as acceleration, head injury criterion, and fracture patterns.

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