Analysis of Safety Door Damage Caused by Train-Induced Wind Pressure in High-Speed Railway Tunnels

초록

Safety doors, which prevent the spread of smoke during tunnel fires, are critical fire protection facilities. However, research on the structural safety of safety doors for domestic railways remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze actual damage cases of safety doors and identify their causes. Safety Doors on the Honam High-Speed Line and the Suseo？Pyeongtaek High-Speed Line had various types of structural damage, among which damage caused by wind pressure accounted for 91.4% of all cases. To analyze pressure fluctuation inside tunnels during train passage, computational numerical dynamics was conducted, and structural and fatigue damage analyses were conducted based on the results. The analyses showed that alternating positive and negative pressures of approximately ±1,600~1,700 Pa repeatedly acted on the safety doors during train passage, leading to stress concentration and fatigue failure at constraint components such as hinges, locks, and handles. Especially, when both positive and negative pressures were considered, the fatigue damage value increased approximately 2,380 times compared to when only positive pressure was considered, confirming that alternative load is a decisive factor in the deterioration of the fatigue performance of safety doors. The results of this study are expected to contribute to enhancing the structural safety of fire protection facilities in high-speed railway tunnels.

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